Communication scholars argue that texts derive their meaning not merely from the author but from the interactions among individuals, cultures, and contexts. This view suggests that a text is primarily a product of:

The view described makes a text primarily a product of social interaction.

Holding that meaning arises from exchanges among individuals, cultures and contexts places the source of sense in shared social process, not in the lone author.

Meaning here is co-constructed as readers, settings and communities negotiate what a text says.

Neurological processes locate meaning in brain mechanics, which this social account explicitly moves beyond.

Administrative control points to institutional authority over content, not to the interactive making of meaning.

Mechanical transmission treats communication as mere signal transfer, the opposite of this negotiated, contextual reading.