Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET December 2023 (14.12.2023) Shift-II
Consider the statement: 'All phenomena in the universe are saturated with moral values. Therefore, we can conclude that the universe for the Chinese is a moral universe.' Which informal fallacy is committed in the above statement?
ASlippery slope
BBegging the Question
CHasty Generalisation
DFallacy of Composition ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Fallacy of Composition — The statement commits the fallacy of composition, so the answer is fallacy of composition.
Explanation
★The statement commits the fallacy of composition, so the answer is fallacy of composition.
★Fallacy of composition infers that a whole has a property just because its parts do.
★Here each phenomenon having moral value is taken to make the whole universe moral.
★A property true of individual parts need not be true of the entire system.
★It is the reverse of the fallacy of division, which argues from whole to parts.
★Slippery slope, begging the question and hasty generalisation describe different errors, not this one.
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