Fieldwork-based research is classified as

Fieldwork-based research is classified as empirical because it rests on data gathered from direct experience.

Historical research relies on past records and documents rather than present fieldwork.

Experimental research manipulates variables under controlled conditions, not open field observation.

Biographical research studies the life story of an individual, not fieldwork as a category.

Empirical research draws conclusions from observed, verifiable evidence in the real world.

It contrasts with purely theoretical or armchair enquiry based on reasoning alone.