Political Science · Political Theory
UGC NET January 2025 Political Science
Identify the correct statements regarding the Ecologism. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- 1. The term Ecology was first coined by Ernst Haeckel.
- 2. It studies the relationship between living organisms and their environment.
- 3. It is a market centric approach.
- 4. It believes humans are masters of nature.
- 5. Rachel Carson was an environmental conservationist.
A1, 2 and 5 only ✓ Correct
B2 and 3 only
C2, 3 and 5 only
D1 and 4 only
Correct answer: (A) 1, 2 and 5 only — The correct statements are 1, 2 and 5; the two false ones each invert a defining commitment of ecologism.
Explanation
★The correct statements are 1, 2 and 5; the two false ones each invert a defining commitment of ecologism.
★Statement 1 is correct: Ernst Haeckel, the German biologist, coined the term ecology (Okologie) in 1866.
★Statement 2 is correct: ecology is the study of the relationships and interactions between living organisms and their environment, from the Greek oikos, household.
★Statement 3 is incorrect: ecologism is not market-centric; it criticises growth-driven, profit-first economics, a critique sharpened by the Club of Rome's Limits to Growth report (1972).
★Statement 4 is incorrect: ecologism rejects the idea that humans are masters of nature; that mastery view is the anthropocentric, Baconian outlook ecologism defines itself against, urging harmony with natural systems instead.
★Statement 5 is correct: Rachel Carson, author of Silent Spring (1962), was an environmental conservationist whose work launched the modern environmental movement.
★Syllabus bridge: Andrew Dobson's Green Political Thought separates ecologism, an ideology demanding radical change in our relations with nature, from environmentalism, a managerial, reformist approach, a distinction NET tests directly.
★Spotting cue: any statement making ecologism pro-market or pro-mastery is automatically false; its two constants are anti-anthropocentrism and limits to growth.
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