'If Anup is a member of the Animal Rights Society, then he opposes horse racing. Anup opposes horse racing, therefore he is a member of the Animal Rights Society.' Which fallacy is committed in the above argument?
AHasty generalization
BInappropriate authority
CAffirming the consequent ✓ Correct
DDenying the antecedent
Correct answer: (C) Affirming the consequent
Explanation
The fallacy is affirming the consequent.
The conditional says if Anup is a member then he opposes horse racing.
The argument affirms the consequent, that he opposes horse racing.
From this it wrongly infers the antecedent, that he is a member.
He might oppose horse racing for many other reasons, so membership does not follow.
Affirming the consequent to reach the antecedent is an invalid conditional move.
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