Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET June 2024 Re-Exam (26.08.2024) Shift-II
Which of the following statements are logically equivalent? Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- 1. Some non-intelligent animals are non-apes
- 2. Some apes are not intelligent animals
- 3. Some apes are non-intelligent animals
- 4. Some non-intelligent animals are not non-apes
A1, 2 and 3 only
B1 and 3 only
C1 and 4 only
D2, 3 and 4 only ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) 2, 3 and 4 only — Statements 2, 3 and 4 are logically equivalent, so the answer is 2, 3 and 4.
Explanation
★Statements 2, 3 and 4 are logically equivalent, so the answer is 2, 3 and 4.
★Statement 2 says some apes are not intelligent animals.
★Statement 3, some apes are non-intelligent animals, expresses the same idea in obverted form.
★Statement 4, some non-intelligent animals are not non-apes, reduces to some apes are not intelligent animals.
★So these three share the same meaning and truth conditions.
★Statement 1 makes a different claim, so it is not equivalent to these.
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