In about 1945, who among the following developed the idea of a stored program computer?

John von Neumann developed the stored-program concept around 1945, where instructions and data share the same memory.

Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989, much later and unrelated.

Blaise Pascal built a mechanical calculator in the seventeenth century, long before electronic computers.

N.R. Narayana Murthy is an Indian IT entrepreneur, a co-founder of Infosys, not a pioneer of computer architecture.

The von Neumann architecture underlies most modern computers.

Storing the program in memory allowed computers to be reprogrammed easily.