In communication, paradigms are the basis of

In communication, paradigms are the basis of syntagms.

A paradigm is the vertical set of signs one may choose from, while a syntagm is the horizontal string actually assembled from those choices.

Each element placed in a syntagm is drawn from a paradigm of possible alternatives, so paradigms underlie syntagms.

Numbers are quantities and have no such structural relation to paradigms in this sense.

Syntax is the rule system for combining units, not the outcome that paradigms directly ground.

Punctuations are marks that aid written structure and are not what paradigms serve as the basis of.