In the light of the nature of reasoning and argument, pick out the incorrect statement.
1.An invalid argument can have any combination of truth or falsity in the premises or conclusion.
2.No valid argument can have true premises and a false conclusion.
3.Deductive arguments can be almost valid.
4.Valid does not mean true.
A1 & 2
B2 & 3
C3 ✓ Correct
D4
Correct answer: (C) 3
Explanation
Statement 3 is the false one: deductive arguments are never almost valid, since validity admits no degrees.
An argument is either wholly valid or wholly invalid, with nothing in between.
An invalid argument may carry any mix of true or false premises and conclusion, so Statement 1 is true.
No valid argument can move from all true premises to a false conclusion, so Statement 2 is true.
Validity concerns correct form and not truth, so Statement 4 is also true.
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