Observe the following argument and pick the correct answer. All pigs are sheep. All sheep are goats. Therefore, all pigs are goats.
1.A valid argument because if the premises were true the conclusion would have been true.
2.An invalid argument because the conclusion does not follow from the premises.
3.The conclusion is probably true.
4.It is a weak argument.
A1 only ✓ Correct
B2 & 4 only
C3 & 4 only
D4 only
Correct answer: (A) 1 only
Explanation
Only Statement 1 holds: the argument is valid because true premises would force a true conclusion.
The form is all pigs are sheep, all sheep are goats, therefore all pigs are goats.
This is a valid categorical syllogism whatever the actual falsity of the premises.
Validity concerns the form of the inference alone, not whether the statements are factually true.
An argument whose form guarantees the conclusion from its premises is valid.
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