Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET December 2021 June 2022 (11.07.2022) Shift-II
In which means of knowledge is a hitherto unseen object known through cognition of its similarity, in some respects, to an already seen object when one comes across that unseen object?
APerception (Pratyaksa)
BNon-cognition (Anupalabdhi)
CComparison (Upamana) ✓ Correct
DPostulation (Arthapatti)
Correct answer: (C) Comparison (Upamana) — The means described is comparison, called upamana, so option C is correct.
Explanation
★The means described is comparison, called upamana, so option C is correct.
★Upamana yields knowledge of a new object by its likeness to a known one.
★A person told that a wild ox resembles a domestic cow recognises the wild ox on seeing it.
★The prior description plus the observed similarity produces the new identification.
★Perception is direct sense contact and does not rely on a remembered similarity.
★Non-cognition is knowing an absence, and postulation assumes an unseen fact to explain another.
★Upamana is accepted as a distinct pramana in the Nyaya and Mimamsa schools.
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