Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET December 2021 June 2022 (11.07.2022) Shift-II
According to the classical Indian school of logic (Nyaya), which conditions must be fulfilled by a true middle term (hetu)?
- 1. It must be found in the minor term (paksa).
- 2. It must be found in all similar instances.
- 3. It should not be found anywhere where the major term (sadhya) is absent.
- 4. The minor term in which it is said to exist should not be impossible.
A1, 3 and 4 only
B1, 2 and 4 only
C1, 2, 3 and 4 ✓ Correct
D1, 2 and 3 only
Correct answer: (C) 1, 2, 3 and 4 — All four conditions must hold for a valid hetu, so the answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Explanation
★All four conditions must hold for a valid hetu, so the answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.
★In Nyaya inference, the hetu is the middle term or reason that links paksa and sadhya.
★It must be present in the paksa, the subject where the inference is made.
★It must be present in all similar instances where the sadhya is known to occur.
★It must be absent wherever the sadhya is absent, ensuring a genuine invariable relation.
★The paksa in which the hetu resides must be a real, possible locus.
★These conditions define a sound probans and rule out fallacious reasons (hetvabhasa).
Want more like this? Create a free account to practise a full test, track your progress, and get spaced-repetition review.
Shared by Mcqkart · via Mcqkart.in