The field of study concerned with the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving and decision making, is called

The study of thought construction, including remembering, problem solving and decision making, is cognitive development.

Pedagogy is the art and science of teaching.

Epistemology is the philosophical study of knowledge itself.

Connectivism is a learning theory for networked, digital knowledge.

Cognitive processes cover perception, memory, reasoning and judgement.

Piaget mapped cognitive development through four stages.