Which of the following are the strategies of cognitive apprenticeship to develop higher-order skills among learners?

1.Mentoring, collaboration and socialising

2.Modelling, coaching and scaffolding

3.Augmentation, retention and explaining

4.Articulation, reflection and exploration

5.Memorisation, rehearsal and identifying

A1 & 4 only

B1, 3 & 5 only

C2 & 4 only ✓ Correct

D2 & 3 only

Correct answer: (C) 2 & 4 only

Explanation

The cognitive apprenticeship strategies are modelling, coaching and scaffolding, plus articulation, reflection and exploration.

Modelling shows the expert process, coaching guides practice and scaffolding gives graded support.

Articulation makes reasoning explicit, reflection compares performance and exploration fosters independence.

Mentoring, collaboration and socialising are not its defined strategies.

Augmentation, retention and explaining do not name these methods.

Collins, Brown and Newman formulated cognitive apprenticeship.

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