The process of deduction in research has certain steps. Which of the following are they?

1.Photocopying the research material

2.Theory

3.Hypothesis and data collection

4.Data analysis, findings, confirmation or rejection of hypothesis

5.Preparing the index

A1, 2 & 3 only

B2, 3 & 4 only ✓ Correct

C3, 4 & 5 only

D2, 4 & 5 only

Correct answer: (B) 2, 3 & 4 only

Explanation

Deduction moves through theory, then hypothesis and data collection, then data analysis with confirmation or rejection of the hypothesis.

It begins with an established theory as the starting point.

Hypotheses are derived from it and relevant data are gathered to test them.

Analysis of the data yields findings that confirm or reject the hypothesis.

Photocopying research material is a clerical act, not a logical step.

Preparing an index is a formatting task unrelated to deductive reasoning.

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