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When the test data tell us about a student’s level of proficiency in a defined area,…

Paper 1 · Teaching Aptitude
When the test data tell us about a student's level of proficiency in a defined area, the procedure of evaluation is called
AFormative evaluation
BSummative evaluation
CNorm-referenced testing
DCriterion-referenced testing ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Criterion-referenced testing — Test data telling us a student's level of proficiency in a defined area is criterion-referenced testing, so that is the answer.
Explanation
Test data telling us a student's level of proficiency in a defined area is criterion-referenced testing, so that is the answer.
Criterion-referenced testing judges a student against a fixed standard or criterion.
So its data shows how far the student has mastered a defined area, that is, his level of proficiency.
Formative and summative evaluation refer to when evaluation is done, not to this standard-based judgement.
Norm-referenced testing compares the student against other students, giving rank, not proficiency against a standard.
So telling a student's proficiency in a defined area is the work of criterion-referenced testing.

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