Which of the following are characteristics of qualitative research ? Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

1.Researcher as key instrument

2.Research tool as key instrument

3.Context-free generalization

4.Context-specific generalization

5.Inductive data analysis

A1, 2 & 5 only

B2, 3 & 4 only

C1, 4 & 5 only ✓ Correct

D1 & 5 only

Correct answer: (C) 1, 4 & 5 only

Explanation

Qualitative research treats the researcher as the key instrument, seeks context-specific generalisation, and uses inductive data analysis.

Treating the research tool as the key instrument reflects quantitative work, so statement two fails.

Context-free generalisation is a quantitative aim, not a qualitative characteristic.

Options carrying statement two or three therefore misdescribe qualitative inquiry.

The three genuine features together capture the naturalistic, meaning-centred nature of qualitative research.

Creswell lists these among the core characteristics of qualitative design.

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