Which of the following are features of constructivism?

1.People learn through experiences and reflection.

2.The child is put at the centre of learning, so it may be called the invisible pedagogy.

3.This approach incorporates project work and inquiry based learning, and might adopt a Montessori or Steiner method.

4.There is a shift from behaviourism towards social constructivism.

5.This approach was mainly propounded by Piaget, who wrote extensively about schemas.

A1, 2 and 3

B2, 3 and 4

C1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ✓ Correct

D1, 3 and 5

Correct answer: (C) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Explanation

Constructivism holds that learners actively build knowledge through experiences and reflection, so statement 1 is a core feature.

Statement 2 fits too, the child is placed at the centre of learning, which Basil Bernstein termed invisible pedagogy.

Statement 3 is correct, it embraces project work and inquiry based learning and can adopt Montessori or Steiner methods.

Statement 4 is accurate, the paradigm marks a shift from behaviourism towards social constructivism.

Statement 5 is valid, Piaget propounded it and wrote extensively on schemas as mental structures.

Vygotsky extended this into social constructivism through the Zone of Proximal Development and scaffolding.

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