Which of the following are incorrect in the light of the expansion of higher education from the mid 1850s?

1.Curzon's university reforms were a high point in the development of the official attitude towards the spread of higher education.

2.The attempts were part of the wider programme of reforming Indian society and purging evils such as sati.

3.Two universities in Calcutta and Madras were established in 1857 and colleges became an integral part of higher education.

4.Only those students were admitted to the colleges who had passed the entrance.

A1 & 2

B2 & 3

C3 & 4 ✓ Correct

D2 & 4

Correct answer: (C) 3 & 4

Explanation

The question asks which claims are incorrect about the expansion of higher education from the mid-1850s.

Statement 3 is wrong, since universities came up in 1857 at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras, not just at two places.

Statement 4 is wrong, as admission was not restricted only to entrance-passed candidates in the manner stated.

Statement 1 correctly notes Curzon's reforms as a high point of official attention to higher education.

Statement 2 correctly links the effort to wider social reform such as ending sati.

The 1857 universities were modelled on the examining University of London.

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