Which of the following are types of error in survey research?

1.Sample error

2.Source error

3.Observational error

4.Data collection error

5.Data processing error

A1, 2 & 3 only

B2, 3 & 4 only

C2, 4 & 5 only

D1, 4 & 5 only ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) 1, 4 & 5 only

Explanation

The recognised types of survey error are sampling error, data collection error and data processing error.

Sampling error arises when the selected sample does not perfectly represent the target population.

Data collection error enters through the interviewer, the instrument or the respondent during fieldwork.

Data processing error creeps in while coding, entering or analysing the gathered responses.

Source error and observational error are not the standard labels used in this classification of survey error.

A fourth recognised type is sampling related error, caused by an inadequate or outdated sampling frame.

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