Which of the following is/are the feature(s) of the reflective level of teaching?

1.Students learn by understanding the facts and information

2.Teaching is nothing but learning the subject by rote

3.Development of problem-solving ability

4.The students' original thinking and creative abilities

5.The pupils are kept in strict discipline and cramming is insisted upon

A2 & 3 only

B4 & 5 only

C1 & 2 only

D3 & 4 only ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) 3 & 4 only

Explanation

The reflective level of teaching develops problem-solving ability (3) and the pupils' original thinking and creative abilities (4).

Statement 1, learning by understanding facts and relationships, belongs to the understanding level, not the reflective level.

Statement 2, teaching as rote learning of the subject, describes the memory level.

Statement 5, keeping pupils in strict discipline with cramming, also belongs to the memory level.

At the reflective level the learner is an active enquirer and the teacher a democratic guide.

Herbart is linked to the memory level, Morrison to the understanding level, and Hunt to the reflective level.

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