Which of the following pramanas are accepted as valid by the Naiyayikas?

1.Perception

2.Inference

3.Presumption

4.Verbal testimony

5.Comparison

A1, 2, 3 & 4 only

B2, 3, 4 & 5 only

C1, 2, 4 & 5 only ✓ Correct

D1, 3, 4 & 5 only

Correct answer: (C) 1, 2, 4 & 5 only

Explanation

The Naiyayikas accept exactly four pramanas: perception, inference, verbal testimony and comparison.

Perception (pratyaksha) and inference (anumana) are the first two valid sources.

Verbal testimony (shabda) and comparison (upamana) complete the recognized four.

Presumption (arthapatti) is not admitted by Nyaya, it is reduced to inference.

So the accepted set is Statements 1, 2, 4 and 5.

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