Which of the following statements are logically equivalent?

1.All non-bovines are cats.

2.No cats are bovines.

3.All cats are non-bovines.

4.No bovines are cats.

A2, 3 & 4 only ✓ Correct

B1 & 3 only

C2 & 4 only

D1, 2 & 3 only

Correct answer: (A) 2, 3 & 4 only

Explanation

Statements 2, 3 and 4 are logically equivalent.

Take "No cats are bovines" as the base universal negative.

Its obverse is "All cats are non-bovines", which is Statement 3.

Its converse, since a universal negative converts simply, is "No bovines are cats", which is Statement 4.

Obversion and simple conversion both preserve truth, so these three coincide.

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