Paper 1 · Teaching Aptitude
A behaviour pattern that increases in frequency when followed by a reward is known as
AShaping
BClassical conditioning
CGeneralization
DOperant conditioning ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Operant conditioning — A behaviour that grows more frequent when it is rewarded is operant conditioning, so the answer is operant conditioning.
Explanation
★A behaviour that grows more frequent when it is rewarded is operant conditioning, so the answer is operant conditioning.
★In operant conditioning the organism learns by modifying its behaviour through reinforcement or punishment, so it is called voluntary or instrumental behaviour.
★A rewarding, satisfying effect strengthens the response, which matches the behaviourist law of effect.
★Skinner is linked with this idea and used it to suggest the concept of programmed instruction.
★Classical conditioning, set out by Pavlov, links two stimuli to produce a reflexive, involuntary response and is not driven by reward.
★Generalization is that automatic, unconscious linkage of stimuli, and shaping is only a training procedure, so neither names reward-strengthened behaviour.
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