According to Nyaya logic, which of the following statements is flawed because it contains a non-inferential (contradictory) middle term?

The flawed argument is "Fire is cold because it is a substance", whose middle term is contradicted by another means of knowledge.

Here coldness is claimed of fire on the ground that fire is a substance.

But direct perception plainly shows that fire is hot, not cold.

The thing to be proved is thus overturned by a stronger non-inferential source.

When perception non-inferentially defeats the conclusion, the reason becomes a stultified middle term.

This defect is the badhita hetvabhasa of Nyaya logic.