Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET 27 June 2025 Shift 1
According to the Nyaya system, which of the following arguments is fallacious because it is based on a conditional (sopadhika) concomitance (vyapti)?
ASound is eternal because it is audible.
BFire is cold because it is a substance.
CAll things are non-eternal because they are knowable.
DWherever there is fire, there is smoke. ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Wherever there is fire, there is smoke. — A sopadhika inference rests on a concomitance that holds only under a condition or upadhi. Wherever there is fire there is smoke is such a case, because fire yields smoke…
Explanation
★A sopadhika inference rests on a concomitance that holds only under a condition or upadhi. Wherever there is fire there is smoke is such a case, because fire yields smoke only when the fuel is wet, so the pervasion is conditional. The reliable pervasion is the reverse, wherever there is smoke there is fire.
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