Political Science · Political Theory
UGC NET October 2022 Political Science
Given below are two statements. In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
- Statement I: The word 'ecology' is derived from the Greek word oikos.
- Statement II: Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess divided ecologism into shallow and deep ecologism.
ABoth statement I and statement II are correct ✓ Correct
BBoth statement I and statement II are incorrect
CStatement I is correct, but statement II is incorrect
DStatement I is incorrect, but statement II is correct
Correct answer: (A) Both statement I and statement II are correct — Both statements are correct, and each carries a core fact of this topic.
Explanation
★Both statements are correct, and each carries a core fact of this topic.
★Ecology comes from the Greek oikos, meaning house or household, plus logos, study; the term Okologie was coined by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in 1866.
★The same oikos root gives economics (oikonomia, household management), a pairing NET likes as a vocabulary question.
★Arne Naess, the Norwegian philosopher, drew the shallow versus deep ecology distinction in his 1973 article The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement, in the journal Inquiry.
★Shallow ecology is anthropocentric: it fights pollution and resource depletion mainly for the health and affluence of people in developed countries.
★Deep ecology is ecocentric: it holds that all living beings have intrinsic value regardless of their usefulness to humans, a position of biospherical egalitarianism.
★Naess called his own personal ecological philosophy Ecosophy T, and with George Sessions he framed the eight-point deep ecology platform in 1984.
★Spotting cue: 'shallow vs deep', 'intrinsic value of nature' or 'ecosophy' in a stem all point to Arne Naess and 1973.
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