Given below are two statements, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other Reason (R). Choose the most appropriate answer.

Assertion (A):Multiple testing instruments must be used for formative assessment.

Reason (R):Formative assessments are used for providing credits.

ABoth A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

BBoth A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A

CA is correct but R is not correct ✓ Correct

DA is not correct but R is correct

Correct answer: (C) A is correct but R is not correct

Explanation

Assertion A is correct: multiple testing instruments should be used for formative assessment to capture varied evidence of learning.

Reason R is incorrect: formative assessment is used to improve learning, not to award credits.

Awarding credits and grades is the function of summative assessment, given at the end of a course.

Formative assessment is low-stakes and continuous, feeding back into ongoing teaching.

Using varied tools such as quizzes, observation and projects reduces measurement error.

Michael Scriven distinguished formative from summative purposes of evaluation.

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