Identify the types of longitudinal studies from the following. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

1.Trend studies

2.Cross-sectional studies

3.Panel studies

4.Prospective studies

A1 and 3 only

B1, 2 and 3 only

C2, 3 and 4 only

D1, 3 and 4 only ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) 1, 3 and 4 only

Explanation

Trend, panel and prospective studies are all longitudinal designs that follow phenomena across time.

Trend studies track a general population repeatedly, sampling fresh cases each time.

Panel studies follow the very same individuals across successive waves.

Prospective studies start in the present and follow subjects forward into the future.

Cross-sectional studies capture data at a single moment, so they are not longitudinal.

Cohort studies form a further longitudinal type following a defined group.

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