If the statement "All trucks are polluting vehicles" is given as true, which of the following statements could be immediately inferred to be false?
1.Some trucks are polluting vehicles
2.Some polluting vehicles are trucks
3.Some trucks are not polluting vehicles
4.No trucks are polluting vehicles
A3, 4 ✓ Correct
B1, 2
C2, 3
D1, 3
Correct answer: (A) 3, 4
Explanation
Statement 3 and Statement 4 are the ones that must be false.
The given universal affirmative "All trucks are polluting vehicles" is taken as true.
Its contradictory, the particular negative in Statement 3, must then be false.
Its contrary, the universal negative in Statement 4, must also be false.
A true universal affirmative forces both its contrary and its contradictory to be false.
So exactly Statements 3 and 4 are immediately inferred false.
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