Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
Nyaya holds four pramanas: perception, inference, comparison and the Vedic word. Nyaya argues that the outside world is known to us through
AThe senses
BThe mind
CBoth the senses and the mind ✓ Correct
DNone of the above
Correct answer: (C) Both the senses and the mind — The outside world is known through both the senses and the mind, so that is the answer.
Explanation
★The outside world is known through both the senses and the mind, so that is the answer.
★Perception begins with contact between the sense organs and objects.
★But the mind (manas) is needed to attend to and organise these sensations.
★So both the senses and the mind together yield knowledge of the world.
★Neither alone suffices for perceptual cognition.
★So the answer is both the senses and the mind.
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