Specific predictions about what will happen according to a theory are known as

Specific predictions of what should happen according to a theory are called hypotheses.

Research statements is a vague phrase, not the precise term for such predictions.

Research forecasts is not a standard methodological term.

Probabilities express the likelihood of events, not theory-derived predictions.

A hypothesis is testable and can be confirmed or refuted by data.

Hypotheses bridge abstract theory and concrete observation.