When two variables are related in such a way that when one increases, so does the other, you can conclude that:
AThere is no problem with directionality
BThe two variables are positively associated ✓ Correct
CThere are no latent variables affecting the relationship
DThere is a third variable responsible for the causation between them
Correct answer: (B) The two variables are positively associated
Explanation
When two variables rise together, they are positively associated, sharing the same direction of change.
Concluding there is no directionality problem is unwarranted, since correlation does not fix cause.
Claiming no latent variables affect the relationship ignores possible hidden third factors.
Asserting a third variable causes the link goes beyond what mere co-movement can show.
Positive association is captured by a positive correlation coefficient between zero and one.
Correlation alone never establishes causation between the two variables.
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