Which of the following are correct explanations for Pratyaksha (perception)?

1.Indriyarthasannikarsa, direct experience of the object by one's sense organ(s)

2.Avyapadesya, non-verbal; correct perception is not through hearsay

3.Avyabhichara, does not wander; correct perception does not change

4.Vyavasayatmaka, definite; correct perception excludes judgements of doubt

A1, 2 and 3

B2, 3 and 4

C1, 3 and 4

DAll of the above ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) All of the above

Explanation

All four terms are genuine components of Gautama's definition of perception.

Indriyarthasannikarsa names the sense-object contact that generates perception.

Avyapadesya means it is non-verbal, not derived from words or hearsay.

Avyabhichara means it is unerring, not wandering into error.

Vyavasayatmaka means it is determinate, free from judgements of doubt.

Together these four mark valid pratyaksha in the Nyaya definition.

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