Which of the following research approaches suggests that theory is an outcome of research?

The inductive approach treats theory as an outcome of research, built up from collected data.

It reasons from specific observations toward broader generalisations and theory.

The deductive approach reverses this, testing theory-derived hypotheses with data.

The quantitative approach stresses measurement and numerical analysis, not the theory-data direction itself.

The cross-sectional approach names a design timing, not a logic of theory building.

Induction is closely tied to qualitative and grounded-theory research.