Which of the following should be considered essential characteristics of 'anumana' (inference)?

1.Fire inferred on the hill where smoke is perceived is called Paksadharmata

2.When the universal relation between fire and smoke is known, it is called Vyapti

3.Anumiti arises without the coexistence of the Hetu and Sadhya

AOnly 1

BOnly 2

CBoth 1 and 2 ✓ Correct

DAll of the above

Correct answer: (C) Both 1 and 2

Explanation

The essential features are the mark residing in the locus and the known universal relation.

Fire inferred on the hill where smoke is seen rests on the reason present in the paksha.

This presence of the reason in the subject is paksadharmata.

When the universal tie between fire and smoke is grasped, that is vyapti.

Both paksadharmata and vyapti are genuinely required for inference.

The claim that anumiti arises without hetu and sadhya together is false.

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