Which of the following statements are correct with regard to truth and validity in logical reasoning? Select the correct code from below.

1.Truth and falsity are attributes of individual propositions

2.Validity and invalidity are attributes of individual propositions

3.Truth and falsity are attributes of arguments

4.Validity and invalidity are attributes of arguments

A1, 2

B2, 4

C1, 3

D1, 4 ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) 1, 4

Explanation

Truth and falsity belong to propositions, while validity and invalidity belong to arguments, giving Statements 1 and 4.

A single proposition asserts something that is either true or false, so truth-value is its proper attribute.

An argument is a structure of premises supporting a conclusion, and only such a structure can be valid or invalid.

Validity concerns whether the conclusion follows from the premises, not whether any single statement is true.

Keeping these two dimensions distinct is basic to the logic of truth and validity.

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