Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET June 2024 Re-Exam (26.08.2024) Shift-I
Which of the following statements are logically equivalent? Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- 1. All non-trees are non-animals
- 2. No animals are trees
- 3. Some animals are not trees
- 4. No trees are animals
A1 and 4 only
B1 and 2 only
C2 and 4 only ✓ Correct
D2 and 3 only
Correct answer: (C) 2 and 4 only — Statements 2 and 4 are logically equivalent, so the answer is 2 and 4.
Explanation
★Statements 2 and 4 are logically equivalent, so the answer is 2 and 4.
★'No animals are trees' is a universal negative statement.
★A universal negative can be converted by swapping subject and predicate.
★So 'No animals are trees' becomes 'No trees are animals'.
★These two therefore have the same truth conditions.
★So statements 2 and 4 are logically equivalent.
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