With reference to vyapti (invariable concomitance) between smoke and fire, which of the following claims about a school is false?
AFor the Charvakas, it is possible to establish that smoke is necessarily and eternally present always with fire ✓ Correct
BFor the Buddhists, the general connection between smoke and fire can be ascertained without examination in all cases
CFor the Vedantins, there is a pervasive concomitance between smoke and fire
DFor the Naiyayikas, it is neither easy nor necessary to establish a causal connection to make a general proposition
Correct answer: (A) For the Charvakas, it is possible to establish that smoke is necessarily and eternally present always with fire
Explanation
The false claim is that the Charvakas can establish smoke as necessarily and eternally tied to fire.
The Charvakas reject inference as a valid means of knowledge.
They deny that any universal concomitance (vyapti) can be established with certainty.
Past observations of smoke with fire cannot guarantee the tie holds always and everywhere.
So for the Charvakas no invariable, eternal link between smoke and fire can be proved.
Asserting that they can establish such a link contradicts their own scepticism about vyapti.
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