Which theory of learning has found that knowledge of internal processes is crucial for the understanding of learning?

Cognitive theory holds that knowledge of internal mental processes is crucial to understanding learning.

Stimulus-response theorists (B) focus only on observable behaviour, ignoring internal processes.

Operant conditioning theorists (C) explain learning through the consequences of behaviour, not inner cognition.

Classical conditioning theorists (D) study associations between stimuli, again external.

Cognitivists study perception, memory, insight and information processing inside the learner.

Gestalt psychologists like Kohler demonstrated insight learning, a cognitive alternative to trial and error.