'a, b, c and d all have the attributes P and Q. Therefore d probably has the attribute R.' Which of the following is true regarding the above argument?

1.It is a deductive argument

2.It is an inductive argument

3.It is an analogical argument

4.It is a valid argument

5.It is an invalid argument

A2 and 3 only ✓ Correct

B1 and 4 only

C2 and 4 only

D2 and 5 only

Correct answer: (A) 2 and 3 only

Explanation

The argument is both inductive and analogical, so 2 and 3 hold.

From shared attributes P and Q it infers a further attribute R only with probability.

The word "probably" shows the premises support but do not guarantee the conclusion.

Reasoning from resemblance in some respects to likeness in another is analogy.

Since analogical reasoning yields only probable conclusions, it is a species of induction.

Want more like this? Create a free account to practise a full test, track your progress, and get spaced-repetition review.