Which of the following are the major criticisms of mass media as a cultural industry?

The major criticisms of mass media as a cultural industry are that their products are standardised, devoid of aesthetic merit, and made by uniform mass production.

Standardisation, statement 2, means culture-industry outputs follow set formulas so that films, songs and shows resemble one another.

Being devoid of aesthetic merit, statement 3, is the charge that commercial calculation crowds out genuine artistic value.

Uniform mass production, statement 4, describes how cultural goods are turned out like factory items for the largest possible market.

The claim that mass media are pro-people, statement 1, is not a criticism but a positive assertion, so it does not belong.

The idea that it avoids the massification of culture, statement 5, is false, since the critique holds that it drives massification.