Which of the following steps of inference state(s) the reason for the establishment of the proposition according to the classical Indian school of logic?

1.The hill has fire

2.Because it has smoke

3.Whatever has smoke has fire, e.g. an oven

4.This hill has smoke which is invariably associated with fire

5.Therefore this hill has fire

AIII only

BIV and V only

CII only ✓ Correct

DIII and IV only

Correct answer: (C) II only

Explanation

The step that states the reason for the proposition is Statement 2 alone.

Statement 1 sets out the proposition to be proved, that the hill has fire.

Statement 2 gives the ground, "because it has smoke".

This ground is the hetu, the reason on which the proposition rests.

The remaining steps supply the example, the application and the conclusion.

In the five-membered syllogism the reason-stating member is the hetu.

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