Which of the following is true regarding the Nyaya view of invariable concomitance?

1.It is determined by an inductive process of reasoning which corresponds to Mill's method of agreement and method of difference

2.It is based on the concomitance of affirmatives, that wherever a product exists the material cause thereof exists

3.It is based on the concomitance of negatives, that wherever a material cause does not exist the product thereof does not exist

4.The Nyaya view of the inductive process does not correspond to Mill's method of agreement and method of difference

A1, 3, 4

B2, 3, 4

C2, 3

D1, 2, 3 ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) 1, 2, 3

Explanation

Statements 1, 2 and 3 correctly describe the Nyaya view of invariable concomitance.

Vyapti is fixed by an inductive process resembling Mill's methods of agreement and difference.

Statement 2 gives the affirmative concomitance (anvaya): where the effect is, its material cause is.

Statement 3 gives the negative concomitance (vyatireka): where the cause is absent, the effect is absent.

These joint agreements in presence and in absence establish the universal tie.

Only the claim that Nyaya does not match Mill's methods is false, leaving Statements 1, 2 and 3.

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