Which of the following types of assessment is done for giving grades, marks or credits to students?

Summative assessment is done to award grades, marks or credits at the end of a course.

Formative assessment monitors learning during instruction to guide improvement.

Integrative assessment blends knowledge across areas but is not the grading type here.

Diagnostic assessment identifies learning difficulties before or during teaching.

Summative testing judges the final product of learning.

Scriven drew the formative-summative distinction in 1967.