Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET December 2023 (11.12.2023) Shift-I
If the statement 'All trucks are polluting vehicles' is given as true, which of the following statements could be immediately inferred to be false? Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- 1. Some trucks are polluting vehicles
- 2. Some polluting vehicles are trucks
- 3. Some trucks are not polluting vehicles
- 4. No trucks are polluting vehicles
A3 and 4 only ✓ Correct
B1 and 2 only
C2 and 3 only
D1 and 3 only
Correct answer: (A) 3 and 4 only — From the true universal, some trucks are not polluting and no trucks are polluting are false, so the answer is 3 and 4.
Explanation
★From the true universal, some trucks are not polluting and no trucks are polluting are false, so the answer is 3 and 4.
★All trucks are polluting vehicles is a type A universal affirmative.
★Its contradictory type O, some trucks are not polluting, must be false.
★Its contrary type E, no trucks are polluting, must also be false.
★The particular affirmative, some trucks are polluting, remains true, not false.
★So the statements inferred to be false are 3 and 4.
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