Which of the following activities indicate the nature of formative evaluation?

1.Conducting a quiz test

2.Conducting an aptitude test

3.Evaluating a student in a grading system

4.Providing feedback while teaching

5.Motivating students towards innovative thinking in class

A1, 2 and 3

B2, 3 and 4

C1, 4 and 5 ✓ Correct

D2, 3 and 5

Correct answer: (C) 1, 4 and 5

Explanation

Conducting a quiz test is formative, a low-stakes check during learning.

Providing feedback while teaching (item 4) is formative, guiding improvement in progress.

Motivating towards innovative thinking (item 5) is formative, shaping learning as it unfolds.

Conducting an aptitude test (item 2) predicts future capacity, not ongoing progress.

Grading a student (item 3) judges final achievement, hence summative.

The term formative evaluation was given by Michael Scriven in 1967, distinct from summative evaluation.

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